What is a Colon Polyp Disease?
A large bowel polyp (Colon Polyp ) may be found on a large bowel examination. Colonic polyps are bumps that protrude from the mucosal surface of the large intestine. The original meaning of polyps is "mushroom-like bumps". And polyps come in many shapes.
A pedunculated polyp with a stem like a tulip flower stem, a subpedunculated polyp with a constricted but no stem, a broad base polyp with a broad root The tumor that has spread to the side is called a laterally growing tumor.
About 10% of polyps contain cancer. More specifically, polyps made from adenomas (those with properties intermediate between normal mucosa and cancer are considered precancerous lesions) are at risk of becoming cancerous.
However, small polyps (usually less than about 5 mm in diameter and called hyperplastic polyps) do not cause cancer. As described above, polyps include (1) polyps that do not cause cancer (hyperplastic polyps), (2) polyps that are precancerous lesions (adenomas), (3) polyps that already contain cancer.
Choosing a polyp or not:
If you already have cancer, or if you are between normal and cancer (adenoma *), you need to take a polyp. The reason for taking a polyp is to cure the cancer if it is present and to prevent adenomas from becoming cancer in the future. Hyperplastic polyps are not considered necessary to be forced or treated.
Recently, a detailed examination of the surface of a polyp by colonoscopy reveals little by little to distinguish between those that do not result in cancer, those that are between normal and cancer (adenoma), and those that already have cancer. I have come to understand.
Adenomas are close to normal and close to cancer. Some are close to normal and follow the course without taking small polyps.
Hyperplastic polyps are not considered to be cancerous, but very rarely, hyperplastic polyps may have cancer.
Colon Polyp Treatment :
- Surgery to remove colon polyps
- Cut the polyp with an endoscope
Surgery to remove colon polyps:
To explain in more detail, polyps include following :
- 1) Polyps that are not likely to become cancerous (hyperplastic polyps).
- 2) polyps that exhibit intermediate properties between normal and cancer (adenoma ).
- 3) polyps already contain cancer, but only a small portion of mucosal epithelium has cancer (intramucosal cancer, m cancer).
- 4) polyps have cancer There are four cases: cancer that extends deeper into the submucosa than the mucosal epithelium (submucosal cancer, sm cancer).
There is no need to force step (1). (2) and (3) are polyps that can be taken with colonoscopy. In (4) sm cancer, there are three stages, sm1, sm2 and sm3, depending on the depth. sm1 can be taken with a colonoscope. For sm2 and sm3, there is a risk of lymph node metastasis.
Cut the polyp with an endoscope
There are two ways to take a polyp with an endoscope:
Endoscopic polypectomy is a method in which a loop (snare) made of wire is placed on the stalk of a polyp while observing the polyp, and the wire is cut small and then cut with high-frequency current.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) is a method in which physiological saline is injected under the mucosa at the base of the polyp, the base of the polyp is inflated and thickened, and then a snare is applied and cut off with a high-frequency current.
It is characterized by the fact that the base of the polyp can be taken large, the risk of bleeding after taking the polyp is small, and the risk of a hole in the large intestine is small
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