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Bile Duct Cancer Symptoms And Treatment | Gallbladder Cancer

What is Bile Duct Cancer Disease?

Bile Duct Cancer Disease develops in the bile ducts,the bile ducts become progressively thinner and eventually become clogged.

Jaundice, often found in gallstones:

Duct Cancer Disease is overwhelmingly found in jaundice. Jaundice is often accompanied by fever. However, until jaundice appears, there is usually no such symptom.Gallbladder Cancer is also almost asymptomatic in the early days.

Bile Duct Cancer Symptoms are such as :

Jaundice
Weight loss
Anorexia appear only after significant progression

In addition, Gallbladder Cancer is often accompanied by a gallstone, pain in the upper right abdomen, fever, nausea, vomiting.It is also rarely found in the symptoms of cholecystitis caused by gallstones.

Bile Duct Cancer and Gallbladder Cancer Treatment

Root treatment is resection of Gallbladder Cancer:

The method of surgery varies considerably depending on the degree of cancer progression. Early ones only need to take the gall bladder and surrounding lymph nodes and have a good prognosis. However, advanced disease requires major surgery to remove part of the duodenum, pancreas, and liver, and there are many cases of recurrence after surgery.

Bile duct Cancer Treatment

The method of surgery depends on where the cancer can occur. If the cancer is from the middle to the bottom, a pancreaticoduodenectomy is needed to remove the bile duct and part of the duodenum and pancreas. This is a rather large operation, but it can now be done safely.

On the other hand, if the cancer has spread to the upper cancer, especially to the bile duct in the liver (called hilar cholangiocarcinoma ), diagnosis is difficult and surgery is also difficult. Not easy. If extensive liver resection is required, percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization is used to fill the portal vein of the liver, which is to be removed two to three weeks before surgery, with a special drug.

In this way, the liver that is to be resected is smaller, while the liver that is to be left larger is more secure for surgery.

What Is Pancreatic Cancer ?

Pancreatic cancer starts when cells in the pancreas begin to multiply out of control and form a mass.

Pancreatic Cancer Symptoms and Treatment

Symptoms and early detection Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is steadily increasing year by year, but it is not clear what kind of people are likely to become victim of it. However, statistically, it tends to be higher in men over the age of 50.

Major Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer

Jaundice
Pain
Weight loss

The part of the pancreas close to the duodenum is called the head of the pancreas, where the bile duct runs, which is the path for bile. When cancer develops in the head of the pancreas, the bile ducts are clogged and the bile drops off, causing jaundice.

About 70% of Pancreatic Cancers form in the head of the pancreas and are often found in jaundice.Other symptoms include upper abdominal pain (often dull), weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, back pain and tension, and sometimes a lump in the upper abdomen.

In general, early detection of Pancreatic Cancer is difficult because patients do not visit a clinic at this time because subjective symptoms are poor at an early stage.

However, in this cancer, urine may produce sugar, so if you have no diabetes and you are not fat and you are positive for urine sugar for the first time after 50 years of age, you should also have your pancreas examined carefully.

Treatment Of Pancreatic Cancer

Root treatment is resection of lesion .Removing the cancer by surgery is the fundamental treatment.

Cancer that has formed in the head of the pancreas requires a procedure called pancreaticoduodenectomy, which removes the stomach, duodenum, gallbladder, and bile duct together with the pancreatic head. This is a rather large operation, but it is now safe to do so.

Just behind the pancreas is an important blood vessel called the portal vein. If the portal vein was broken, it was considered impossible to remove it, but recently the portal vein can be removed at the same time. Advances in surgical techniques have significantly reduced Pancreatic Cancer that cannot be removed .

Pancreatic Cancer often causes recurrence, such as metastasis to the liver or peritoneum, compared to cancer of the stomach or colon.

Attempts have been made to give radiation therapy during surgery or to administer powerful anticancer drugs after surgery to prevent cancer recurrence.

Some types of cancer cure completely

There is a special type of Pancreatic Cancer that produces a large amount of mucus (called mucin-producing Pancreatic Cancer).

This cancer is relatively easy to diagnose because the pancreatic ducts are significantly enlarged and cysts are formed. In addition, because of its slow growth and low malignancy, it is attracting attention as a cancer that can be completely cured by surgery.

What Is Liver Cancer ?

Liver Cancer begins in the cells of liver.The most common type of Liver Cancer is Hepatocellular Carcinoma, which begins in liver cell (hepatocyte).

Other Types of Liver Cancer:

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Hepatoblastoma.

Liver Cancer Symptoms, Diagnosis And Treatment

What Is Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

Among the cancers that can form in the liver are cancers of hepatocytes (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) and cancers derived from the bile duct (bile duct cancer), as well as Stomach, intestine, pancreas Some cancers of the organs can spread to the liver. Normally, Liver Cancer refers to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Liver Cancer accounts for 1-1.5% of all malignant tumors. Most often hepatocellular cancer develops (90%), less often - cholangiocellular cancer (10%). The development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma can occur against the background of previous cirrhosis or without it.

Signs And Symptoms Of Liver Cancer :

Weight loss
Yellow skin
Yellow sclera
Finger deformation
Loss (lack) of appetite
General weakness, fatigue
Pain in the right hypochondrium
Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

The clinical symptoms are different depending on this. If, against the background of signs of cirrhosis of the liver, there is a sharp deterioration in general condition, rapid loss of body weight, pain in the right hypochondrium, an increase in laboratory signs of impaired liver function, the appearance of ascites, and the size of the focal formations according to ultrasound tomography also changes, it is reasonable to assume Liver Cancer.

In other cases, against the background of a favorable general condition, an enlargement of the liver is detected during palpation, and on ultrasound and computed tomograms, a large tumor with small formations or without them is detected (nodular form). Sometimes a large node is not found (diffuse form). With the progression of the disease, intra-abdominal bleeding, jaundice, ascites, and other symptoms may develop.

Liver Cancer is almost asymptomatic in the early stages. When symptoms such as jaundice, swelling of the liver, fever, and general weakness are observed, it is often so advanced that surgery is not possible.

Therefore, those who have abnormal liver functions such as cirrhosis [health] and hepatitis, should have blood tests and abdominal ultrasonography (these tests can be done outpatient) regularly, preferably two to three times a year. Receiving is crucial for early detection.

Diagnosis of Liver Cancer

The diagnosis of Liver Cancer is established by a biopsy of the tumor (percutaneous, laparoscopic). The determination of fetoprotein in the blood is of great importance, the level of which in hepatocellular cancer is high in 70-90% of patients.

The degree of spread of the disease is also established by angiography. The differential diagnosis is carried out with metastatic cancer. Liver Cancer metastases occur within the body, less often (30-50%) in the periportal lymph nodes, Lungs, and bones.

Treatment of Liver Cancer:

Liver Resection (surgery )
Hepatic artery embolization
Puncture Therapy
Liver transplantation

Liver Resection (Surgery):

Liver Cancer has a property that cancer cells can easily enter blood vessels compared to other cancers. Therefore, even if the cancer is removed by surgery, it often recurs in another part of the liver. However, the results of surgery have been improving year by year, and the five-year survival rate has now reached 40-50%.

With localized Hepatocellular Carcinoma, a liver resection is performed. Five-year survival is an average of 15-30%, the best results are obtained with highly differentiated cancer.

Temporary objective and subjective improvement is given by ligation or embolization of the hepatic artery. Improvement is also observed with chemotherapy through the hepatic artery or systemically intravenously.

Hepatic artery embolization:

One is called hepatic artery embolization (TAE), which inserts a thin tube from the inguinal region into the artery of the liver and blocks the artery that nourishes the cancer with gelatinous material. At the same time, it is a method of injecting anticancer drugs to stop feeding nutrition to cancer lesions.

Puncture Therapy:

The other is local anesthesia, which involves piercing the liver with a needle from outside the body. There are several methods. These are indicated for relatively small Liver Cancers.

Transcutaneous ethanol injection therapy Aim at the exact location of the cancer with ultrasound, and inject 100% ethanol, that is, pure alcohol, into the Hepatocellular Carcinoma. A treatment that kills cancer tissue by the chemical action of alcohol.
Radiofrequency ablation therapy and microwave coagulation therapy While observing them with ultrasound, a thin electrode is inserted into the cancer tissue, and a relatively low-frequency radio wave or microwave is applied. This heat burns the cancer cells and kills them. The temperature of heat is about 100 ℃ by radio wave and about 300 ℃ by microwave.

The use of (1) and (2) is not always clear, but recently radiofrequency ablation has been increasing.

These two treatments depend on the location and size of the cancer, but may involve both. In both cases, unlike surgery to recuperate, only one week of hospitalization is required. Both are done as often as possible at intervals of 3-6 months.

In particular, radiofrequency ablation has been reported to be as good as surgery for relatively small (less than 3 cm in diameter) cancers.

Liver transplantation:

Generally, good indications for liver transplantation are said to be “within 3 cancers of 3 cm or less in diameter” or “1 cancer of 5 cm or less”, and such cases are now covered by insurance. Was. Although there are still many problems with liver transplantation, it will be one of the leading treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the future.

What is a Colon Polyp Disease?

A large bowel polyp (Colon Polyp ) may be found on a large bowel examination. Colonic polyps are bumps that protrude from the mucosal surface of the large intestine. The original meaning of polyps is "mushroom-like bumps". And polyps come in many shapes.

A pedunculated polyp with a stem like a tulip flower stem, a subpedunculated polyp with a constricted but no stem, a broad base polyp with a broad root The tumor that has spread to the side is called a laterally growing tumor.

About 10% of polyps contain cancer. More specifically, polyps made from adenomas (those with properties intermediate between normal mucosa and cancer are considered precancerous lesions) are at risk of becoming cancerous.

However, small polyps (usually less than about 5 mm in diameter and called hyperplastic polyps) do not cause cancer. As described above, polyps include (1) polyps that do not cause cancer (hyperplastic polyps), (2) polyps that are precancerous lesions (adenomas), (3) polyps that already contain cancer.

Choosing a polyp or not:

If you already have cancer, or if you are between normal and cancer (adenoma *), you need to take a polyp. The reason for taking a polyp is to cure the cancer if it is present and to prevent adenomas from becoming cancer in the future. Hyperplastic polyps are not considered necessary to be forced or treated.

Recently, a detailed examination of the surface of a polyp by colonoscopy reveals little by little to distinguish between those that do not result in cancer, those that are between normal and cancer (adenoma), and those that already have cancer. I have come to understand.

Adenomas are close to normal and close to cancer. Some are close to normal and follow the course without taking small polyps.
Hyperplastic polyps are not considered to be cancerous, but very rarely, hyperplastic polyps may have cancer.

Also Read: Colon Cancer Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Colon Polyp Treatment :

Surgery to remove colon polyps
Cut the polyp with an endoscope

Surgery to remove colon polyps:

To explain in more detail, polyps include following :

1) Polyps that are not likely to become cancerous (hyperplastic polyps).
2) polyps that exhibit intermediate properties between normal and cancer (adenoma ).
3) polyps already contain cancer, but only a small portion of mucosal epithelium has cancer (intramucosal cancer, m cancer).
4) polyps have cancer There are four cases: cancer that extends deeper into the submucosa than the mucosal epithelium (submucosal cancer, sm cancer).

There is no need to force step (1). (2) and (3) are polyps that can be taken with colonoscopy. In (4) sm cancer, there are three stages, sm1, sm2 and sm3, depending on the depth. sm1 can be taken with a colonoscope. For sm2 and sm3, there is a risk of lymph node metastasis.

Cut the polyp with an endoscope

There are two ways to take a polyp with an endoscope:

Endoscopic polypectomy is a method in which a loop (snare) made of wire is placed on the stalk of a polyp while observing the polyp, and the wire is cut small and then cut with high-frequency current.

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) is a method in which physiological saline is injected under the mucosa at the base of the polyp, the base of the polyp is inflated and thickened, and then a snare is applied and cut off with a high-frequency current.

It is characterized by the fact that the base of the polyp can be taken large, the risk of bleeding after taking the polyp is small, and the risk of a hole in the large intestine is small

What is Colon Cancer?

Colon Cancer is a malignant tumor begins from the inner wall of the large intestine or rectum.If you know the Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer which it causes, doctor may be able to perform Diagnosis and Treat it early. Digestive System Disease, Colorectal Cancer is the third leading cause of cancer in USA.

Colon Cancer Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

The large intestine is the colon that begins with the cecum, which receives food residues from the small intestine (stool) (the ascending colon) (the ascending colon, the transverse colon, and the colon). It is a term that refers to the entire intestine, which is about 1 m and 80 cm in length, extending to the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus.

The rectum is divided into three parts: the rectum sigmoid part, the upper rectum, and the lower rectum. Depending on where the cancer has developed, it is called colon or rectal cancer.

Colon Cancer and Rectal Cancer are collectively called Colon Cancer. Diagnosis and treatment of cancers of the anus and anal cancer are also included in Colorectal Cancer in a broad sense .

Also Read : Esophageal Cancer : Symptoms, Causes And Treatment

Causes of Colon Cancer :

Fatty or high-fat diets
Protein-rich or high-protein

Colorectal Cancer is very common in developed countries such as the United States.Westernization of diet means that foods with high fat and protein, such as meat and butter, are consumed more frequently, and the intake of dietary fiber such as rice, wheat, potatoes, bread, noodles, vegetables, etc. has decreased relatively.

That means. Fatty or high-fat diets, protein-rich or high-protein diets alter intestinal bacteria in the intestine, resulting in carcinogens that act on the colonic mucosa to cause cancer Is believed to be.

Signs and Symptoms of Colon Cancer:

Bleeding during bowel movement
Constipation
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Abdominal mass

However, many people (70%of those with Colorectal Cancer ) who are aware of these symptoms usually do not go to the hospital for more than three months. Bleeding during defecation may include blood around the stool, mixed stool and blood, or blood adhered to the paper wiped after defecation.

Clinical symptoms vary depending on the location of the tumor . In the initial stages of the disease, its manifestations may be insignificant (dyspeptic symptoms, anemia with hidden blood loss, etc.).

In the future, the signs of the disease increase, in severe cases, intestinal obstruction, bleeding, inflammatory complications (abscess, phlegmon, peritonitis) are observed. With Colorectal Cancer, a tumor can grow into the bladder, vagina with the development of fistulas, cause compression of the ureters, etc.

In the case of rectal cancer and sigmoid Colon Cancer, red blood (fresh blood) comes out, so you can be aware that you are also bleeding. In any case, if you have bloody stool, you need to go to a specialist as soon as possible to have a colon examination.

Even ascending colon and cecum cancers bleed from the lesion, but when stool is defecated, the blood is often black or brown, not old blood. In ascending colon and cecum cancers, the main symptoms are lumps (mass) in the lower right abdomen, anemia, and weight loss.

Description of Colon Cancer:

The localization of Colon Cancer can be different - in the ascending, transverse colon, descending, sigmoid colon. Colorectal Cancer is located in the anal, lower, middle, upper ampullar and rectosigmoid region.The tumor grows mainly exophytic (in the lumen of the intestine) or endophytic (in the thickness of the intestinal wall).

Most often diagnosed with adenocarcinomas, rarely the tumor has the structure of cricoid-cell, undifferentiated or squamous cell carcinoma. Colon and rectal cancer metastasizes to regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and sometimes to other organs. The classification of this disease is carried out according to the TNM system

Also Read : Stomach Cancer Symptoms and Treatment | Gastric Cancer

Diagnosis for Colon Cancer:

The diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer in the early stages is based on data from digital rectal examination, irrigoscopy , sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy ( with biopsy ). Dispensary supervision is subject to sick risk groups.

In other cases, the selection of patients for examination is carried out after analysis of clinical symptoms, obtaining the results of an analysis of feces for the presence of blood, determination of carcinoembryonic antigen in the blood. To exclude liver metastases, ultrasound imaging is performed.

Treatment for Colon Cancer :

Surgical
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy

The main treatment for Colorectal Cancer is surgical. After radical surgery, 5-year survival is 50-60%. With Colon Cancer, a right or left hemicolectomy is performed. When a tumor is localized in the distal third of the sigmoid colon, its resection is performed.

In case of rectal cancer, an operation is performed with removal of the closure apparatus (abdominal-perineal extirpation with a colostomy) or its preservation (abdominal-anal resection with or without lowering the colon, anterior resection, Hartmann surgery).

Palliative surgery can reduce the manifestations of the disease (bypass intestinal anastomosis, colostomy for obstruction; palliative resection for liver metastases; ligation or embopization of the hepatic artery, etc.).

Radiation Therapy may cause partial regression of the tumor. Most often it is used in primary and recurrent Colorectal Cancer.

Chemotherapy is used only in cases of inoperable tumors and metastases. It is effective in 20-40% of patients.

Surgery for advanced Colon Cancer :

In the case of surgery for sm2, sm3 colon and advanced Colorectal Cancer, the intestine is removed 5 to 10 cm away from the mouth (closer to the mouth) and anal side (closer to the anus).

The intestine contains arteries that flow into the intestine, veins that flow out of the intestine, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes that are contained in the mesentery membrane. And there is a risk that veins, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes may contain cancer cells that have flowed away from the cancer focus.

Therefore, the mesentery containing the lymph nodes is removed together with the large intestine. The size of the mesentery and lymph node resection range may be up to two groups or up to three groups. In the case of sm cancer, up to 2 groups are often taken, and in the case of advanced cancer, up to 3 groups.

However, if the patient's age or co-morbidities (such as diseases the patient has other than Colorectal Cancer , diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, respiratory disease, etc.), resection up to 2 groups Sometimes it is.

What is Peritonitis Cancer?

Peritonitis Cancer OR Peritoneal Cancer is caused by inflammation of the peritoneum (a thin film lining the walls of the abdominal cavity and the organs located in it). 15-20% of all cases of acute surgical diseases and injuries of the abdominal organs occur, usually as a complication of a purulent disease or a violation of the integrity of any organ of the abdominal cavity.

Peritonitis Cancer Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

A very dangerous disease - mortality with widespread purulent peritonitis is 25-30%, with the development of multiple organ failure, it reaches 90%.

Signs And Symptoms of Peritonitis Cancer

Abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain
Vomiting
Nausea
Increased heart rate
Earthy gray skin
Increased heart rate
Earthy gray skin
Abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain

The very first Symptom is severe pain, which begins in the area of the source of Peritoneal Cancer, it gradually spreads throughout the abdomen and becomes constant, after which it becomes impossible to determine exactly where it hurts. Then there is paralysis of the nerve endings of the peritoneum, due to which the pain wanes.

Moreover, if nausea and vomiting at the beginning of peritonitis are reflex, then later they become a result of intestinal paralysis. In the vomit appears bile, and after that - the contents of the small intestine (the so-called fecal vomiting). The temperature rises.

With the spread of Peritonitis Cancer, the condition worsens significantly: the face becomes earthy pale, its features are pointed, the pulse is up to 140 or more beats per minute, the abdomen is painful to palpation and swelling, vomiting is continuous.

Also Read : Lung Cancer : Symptoms, Causes, Diagnoses and Treatment

Causes of Peritonitis Cancer

The main cause of Peritoneal Cancer is infection. But it can also be a consequence of exposure to the peritoneum of gastric or pancreatic juice, blood, bile, urine (the so-called chemical-toxic peritonitis).

Peritonitis Cancer may occur with:

Appendicitis
Surgical interventions
Acute pancreatitis
Mesenteric vascular thrombosis
Various injuries
Gynecological diseases
Acute bowel obstruction
Inflammation of the extrahepatic biliary tract and liver
Ulcers of the stomach and duodenum , as well as intestinal ulcers (ulcerative necrotic enterocolitis of dysenteric, typhoid, oncological, tuberculosis origin)
Hernias

But it happens that the cause of Peritonitis Cancer is not even recognized at autopsy (cryptogenic Peritonitis Cancer).

Peritonitis Cancer is divided into aseptic and infectious, the latter also differ in the type of pathogen - streptococcal, staphylococcal, caused by mixed flora or Escherichia coli.

Peritoneal Cancer is also distinguished because of the occurrence (appendicular, after perforation of a stomach ulcer, etc.). By the nature of the exudate (inflammatory effusion - fluid that seeps from small blood vessels): serous, serous-fibrinous, purulent, hemorrhagic, putrefactive, etc.

Also Read : Stomach Cancer : Symptoms and Treatment | Gastric Cancer

Diagnostics for Peritonitis Cancer

To establish an accurate diagnosis, X-ray , ultrasound , laparocentesis (abdominal puncture) and endovideoscopy are prescribed according to indications.

Treatment for Peritonitis Cancer

Urgent hospitalization is necessary and, with rare exceptions, surgical intervention, which is considered one of the most difficult.
If Peritoneal Cancer is in an early stage, then the stomach is emptied once with a probe. In the late stage, the probe is driven for a long time.
With the help of multi component anesthesia, anesthesia is performed, then surgical intervention, during which Peritoneal Cancer is eliminated or reliably isolated. An important role is played by the preparation of the patient for surgery. Surgeons prefer to postpone it for a couple of hours than to operate on an unprepared patient.
Sometimes peritoneal lavage is performed - flow-through washing with solutions of antiseptics and antibiotics of the abdominal cavity.

Recently, in the postoperative period, relaparotomy (repeated laparotomy) has been effective, in which the abdominal cavity is thoroughly washed and drained (ensure

the outflow of its contents). The first of them is performed one day after the operation. The next relaparotomy is another day or two later.

After the operation, anesthesia, intravenous therapy, extracorporeal detoxification (removal of toxins by means of extracorporeal oxygenation, hemodialysis,

hemosorption, ultrafiltration, enterosorption, therapeutic plasmapheresis, xenosplenoperfusion, lymphosorption, abdominal hemoperfusion) are performed. Antibacterial

therapy and immunocorrection are also needed.

Various enemas and stimulation of intestinal motility with the help of physiotherapy are prescribed , as well as hyperbaric oxygenation.

How to Prevent Peritonitis Cancer?

It is necessary to timely treat diseases of the abdominal organs, as well as hernias. When acute diseases or trauma of the abdominal organs appear, emergency care.

What is Stomach cancer Disease?

Stomach Cancer begins when the tumor cells form in the inner lining of stomach. Also called Gastric Cancer, the Gastrointestinal disease usually grows slowly over many years. If you know the symptoms it causes, you and your doctor may be able to spot it early, when it's easiest to treat.

The most common cancers in America are Stomach Cancer and Lung Cancer. In particular, Stomach Cancer can be almost 100% cured if treated properly early. It is important to understand correctly and not to think that it is a terrible disease.

Diagnosis technology to detect Gastric Cancer Disease at an early stage, which had never been conceived, has been rapidly advanced and developed in near past. In addition, improved surgical techniques also help to completely cure. That said, there is also a malignant thing called scirrhous Gastric Cancer Disease . This is a cancer that is difficult to diagnose and progresses quickly.

Stages of Stomach cancer?

The stages of Stomach Cancer Disease are as follow:

Stage 1 - The diameter of the tumor is not more than 2 cm, the germination of only the mucous membrane without visible metastases to the lymph nodes.
Stage II - Tumor diameter 4-5 cm, germination of the submucosal and muscle layers, there may be regional metastases.
Stage III - Large tumor sizes, germination of the serous membrane, neighboring organs;
Stage IV -There are distant metastases. After surgery, the tumor is usually classified according to the TNM system.

Signs And Symptoms of Stomach Cancer Disease?

The Most Common Stomach Cancer symptoms are as follows :

Vomiting
Nausea
Weight loss
Loss (lack) of appetite
General weakness, fatigue
Dysphagia (swallowing disorder)
General weakness, fatigue
Dysphagia (swallowing disorder)
Burping

The first symptom to appear is groin pain, often dull after a meal. As you progress further, you will continually hurt, regardless of your diet.

The next most common symptom is that stomach always feels full, swelling, and heavy, with food leaning on the stomach. Appetite declines, heartburn and belching. When it gets worse, regurgitation also appears.

These symptoms can occur not only with Stomach Cancer Disease, but also with other stomach disorders, such as gastric ulcers, chronic gastritis, or duodenal ulcers.

Stomach cancer disease develops in the innermost mucous membrane and gradually spreads to the outer serosa. If Gastric Cancer Disease progresses to the submucosal layer, it is called early Gastric Cancer, and those that have progressed further from the muscle layer ( cancer) are called advanced Gastric Cancer Disease .

In other words, depending on whether you are committing to any layer of the stomach wall, early Gastric Cancer Disease progression Gastric Cancer there than and to be distinguished, a fraction of the entire stomach early because occupied by the cancer Gastric Cancer , the progress from greater than that Gastric Cancer because Is not.

It is thought that it takes 2-3 years for the cancer to form on the mucous membrane and reach the submucosa.

When the cancer reaches the submucosa, it may cause a fire (metastasis) to the surrounding tissues and organs. This is because the submucosa contains veins and lymph vessels leading to lymph nodes.

If you go to the muscle layer and develop advanced Stomach Cancer, the cancer will grow faster and progress more rapidly. The cancer cells are then transported through the veins to the liver or through the lymph vessels to the lymph nodes and metastasize. After that, the cancer spreads throughout the body.

Thus, the liver and lymph nodes are barriers before cancer spreads throughout the body. Cancer that has reached the outer serosa may break through the serosa and spread into the abdominal cavity.

Diagnostics of Stomach cancer:

Gastroscopy (with biopsy ) and an X-ray examination of the stomach are crucial in establishing a diagnosis .

Treatment of Stomach cancer?

Surgical Method
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection

The main method of treatment is surgical, which can be used for localized forms of the disease. Apply proximal resection of the stomach, gastroectomy, subtotal resection, in some circumstances - resection of 2/3 of the stomach, combined resection.

The reduction of clinical symptoms of Stomach Cancer Disease is achieved with palliative surgery (gastroenteroanastomosis, esophago-gastroanastomosis, gastrostomy, laser recanalization).

Gastric Cancer treatment has changed significantly in recent years. Endoscopic mucosal resection, in which the endoscope is inserted through the mouth to remove the cancer in the mucous membrane without using laparotomy for very early Gastric Cancer Disease , has become widespread.

In addition, several small holes of about 1 cm are made in the abdominal wall, a laparoscope is inserted through the holes, and laparoscopic surgery is performed while looking at the monitor. Even in the case of surgery, "reduced surgery" is performed to minimize the resection range in consideration of the post-operative diet. "Reduced surgery" reduces postoperative complications.

Endoscopic mucosal resection is performed in the case of early Gastric Cancer Disease when the cancer stays in the mucous membrane. In addition, laser beams are emitted from the tip of the endoscope and applied to the affected area, and local treatments such as injecting anticancer drugs or ethanol into the cancer area are performed. In any case, only if there is no lymph node metastasis.

Surgery is basic when such treatment is not possible, for example, when the cancer area is wide or when advanced Gastric Cancer is present.

Until now, in order to reduce the possibility of recurrence, surgery to cut out not only the stomach, but also the surrounding lymph nodes and even the surrounding organs, that is, enlargement surgery, has been performed.

However, research on Gastric Cancer metastasis has progressed, and it has become clear where metastasis often occurs in lymph nodes and where it does not. It has also been shown that non-metastatic lymph nodes prevent cancer from spreading throughout the body.

What is Esophageal cancer?

The Esophageal Cancer begins in the cells that line the inside of the esophagus. It's types are usually squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma that originates in the columnar epithelium is relatively small. About 95% of Esophageal Cancer in America is squamous cell carcinoma, and about 5% is adenocarcinoma and other cancers.

The esophagus is an elongated tube-like organ that connects the mouth and stomach, and is divided into cervical esophagus, thoracic esophagus, and abdominal esophagus.

The mucous membrane that lines the lining of the esophagus is the squamous epithelium, almost the same shape as the tissue that lines the skin.

According to statistics from the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery, Thoracic Esophageal Tumor accounts for the majority of 84%, Abdominal Esophageal Tumor 6%, and Cervical Esophageal Tumor 5%. In addition, 3.5% had two or more multiple cancers

Key Points:

Types of Esophageal cancer Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer
Causes of Esophageal Cancer Disease
Treatment for Esophageal Cancer Disease

Types of Esophageal cancer Disease

There are two main types as following :

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma arising from columnar epithelium :

Embryologically, there is a period during the embryonic period when the same columnar epithelium as the stomach covers the inner surface of the esophagus. It may turn into columnar epithelium.

The columnar epithelium formed by reflux esophagitis is called Barrett's epithelium, and it is said that this epithelium frequently produces adenocarcinoma, similar to gastric cancer.

The adenocarcinoma has recently increased in Europe and the United States, and more than 50% of Esophageal Tumor is adenocarcinoma. In Japan, Barrett's adenocarcinoma is on the rise, albeit slightly.

Signs and Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer:

Most of the Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer are caused by the narrowing of the esophagus lumen due to cancer, but the esophageal wall is considerably elongated, so if the cancer does not extend from two-thirds of the esophageal wall to the entire circumference, stenosis will occur It doesn't seem clear what the symptoms will be when you do it.

So when you have symptoms that you can use, the cancer has spread over a fairly wide area.

The subjective symptoms of Esophageal Tumor vary slightly depending on the degree and location of the cancer

Advanced cancer is characterized by food sensation :

Advanced cancer often complains due to “stick food”. You may feel pain when food passes. In rare cases, there are no symptoms. The area around the esophagus includes the trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, recurrent laryngeal nerve (nerve distributed in the vocal cords), and the spinal column.

Cancer progresses and invades these surrounding organs. When it comes, there are many other Signs besides esophageal symptoms. These include weight loss, vomiting, coughing, vocalizations (hoarseness), and back pain.

The feeling of holding food tends to come out especially when eating in a hurry or when not eating well. Therefore, even if you feel a sense of catch, if you eat it slowly and well, you will not be able to catch it. However, in such cases, the meal time will be longer, so if you are careful, your family may notice the change.

More than half people with no symptoms with early cancer :

Early cancers have slightly different symptoms. Most people have no symptoms and, unlike advanced cancers, have much less complaints about eating, and some people complain of esophageal discomfort, discomfort and discomfort.

Shallow erosion-type Esophageal Cancer often seems to complain, especially with irritants such as oranges.

What are main Causes of Esophageal Cancer Disease?

Sake
Tobacco
Drinking
Carcinogen

The cause of Esophageal Cancer , like other cancers, is not yet clear. However, it is overwhelmingly prevalent in men (male to female ratio: about 7: 1), and there seems to be a link between drinking and smoking as an incentive.

It has been reported that the incidence of Esophageal Tumor in people with habits of heavy smoking and heavy drinking is 40 times that of those who do not smoke or drink. It is also said that those who like irritants, hot meals and hot tea have more Esophageal Tumor. Nitrosamine is well known as a carcinogen.

In the age distribution, those in their 60s are the most common, followed by those in their 50s and 70s who are relatively older.

Esophageal Cancer affects 15.1 males and 3.0 females in a population of 100,000, 9.0 in total (gross morbidity), and 13.6 males and 2.1 females in age-adjusted morbidity. Almost flat. According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare's 2002 statistics, themortality ratefrom Esophageal Tumor is about 10 males and 1.5 females per 100,000 population.

Nitrosamine
It is a yellow oily liquid or solid produced by the action of nitrous acid on amines and is carcinogenic. It is also produced in the human body from nitrites, which are used in preservatives such as ham and sausage, and color former.

What is Treatment for Esophageal Cancer Disease?

Following are the Main treatments for Esophageal Tumor :

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Hyperthermia
Immunotherapy

But these treatments are not usually performed alone, but are appropriately combined with several treatments (multidisciplinary treatment).

Surgical resection is the basis of current treatment, but recently chemo-radiation therapy with anticancer drugs has also been used.

Esophageal Cancer , but the degree of progress will be determined by the degree of the depth of cancer and (wall depth of invasion) transition, according to a Study Group in Japan esophageal disease that was issued in December 2002 (currently Japan esophagus Society) is the esophagus According to the cancer treatment guidelines

What is Gastrointestinal Bleeding - GIST Tumor?

Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIST Tumor) is Digestive System Cancer, it includes cancers in the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus, stomach, large intestine, anus, the liver, pancreas, bile ducts and gallbladders, which are organs involved in the secretion of digestive juices. There are some cancers that can be caused.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding Symptoms :

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIST Tumor) can be suspected if a person is vomiting or scarlet blood with clots, if his stool is tarry or black (melena), or dark red, or red-brown.

In some cases,Symptoms like unchanged blood is found in the feces. The skin of such people is usually pale, low blood pressure, palpitations. With gastric bleeding, weakness, dizziness , cold sweat, tachycardia , pain in the heart area are characteristic, collapse may develop , fainting is possible.

Gastrointestinal cancer disease Symptoms depend on blood loss. If the patient has lost up to 10-15% (about 500 ml) of blood, there may not be characteristic symptoms. But when blood loss was approximately 25%, pressure drops, kidney and heart failure, hypoxia, hypovolemic shock, and cerebral edema develop.

Causes of Gastrointestinal bleeding disease (GIST Tumor).

Bleeding develops when various blood vessels (arteries, veins or capillaries) are damaged. And the intensity of bleeding directly depends on the diameter of the damaged vessel. The most common cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding is damage to the arteries.

Bleeding from veins and capillaries is much less common. Doctors distinguish hidden (occult) and overt bleeding. The cause of hidden bleeding is damage to the walls of the capillaries. Most often, this is a chronic condition, accompanied by iron deficiency anemia.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding and severity:

Group 1 - undoubtedly frivolous bleeding;
Group 2 - potentially serious bleeding;
Group 3 - undoubtedly serious bleeding.

Main Causes of gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIST Tumor):

Ulcers of the stomach and duodenum.
Erosion of the gastric mucosa.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (rupture of the mucous membrane of the cardiac section of the stomach that occurs with repeated vomiting).
Varicose veins of the esophagus.
Diverticulum of the stomach.
Polyps of the stomach and intestines.
Some intestinal infections.
Taking certain drugs.
Tumors of the stomach.
Injuries.

It is possible to determine in which particular section of the gastrointestinal tract bleeding occurred according to the symptoms. If bleeding occurred in the upper gastrointestinal tract, the patient is tormented by vomiting of coffee grounds. Its color is due to a mixture of blood and stomach contents.

With bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract, blood is released through the anus with the stool or by itself.

How Gastrointestinal bleeding disease is Diagnosed?

All patients who suspect Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIST Tumor) are given fibrogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), as well as colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy to determine which section of the gastrointestinal tract is damaged.

An exception is patients with acute myocardial infarction and acute cerebrovascular accident. They do an emergency Radiopaque study of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

In addition, pulse oximetry and an electrocardiogram should be done .

It is important to correctly assess the severity of blood loss due to Gastrointestinal Disease. There are only four of them:

I degree - chronic hidden bleeding, while the hemoglobin content in the blood is slightly reduced, and there are no signs of hemodynamic impairment;
II degree - acute small bleeding, heart rate and blood pressure are stable;
III degree - acute hemorrhage of moderate severity. This condition is characterized by tachycardia and a slight decrease in blood pressure.
IV degree - massive heavy bleeding, in which blood pressure drops below 80 mm Hg. Art., heart rate increases to 120 beats per minute.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding Treatment:

Treatment of Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIST Tumor) consists in urgent measures aimed at stopping bleeding, eliminating its causes, restoring the volume of circulating blood. To do this, catheterization of the subclavian vein is done, through which a physiological solution is supplied to restore the volume of circulating blood.

Probing and gastric lavage are performed. This is done to find out where the blood comes from. It is also important to control the occurrence of repeated violations. Bleeding is stopped by coagulation of the damaged vessel.

The larger the diameter of the damaged vessel, the less likely it is to cope with bleeding without surgery.